![]() ![]() Kovachev, Mehanism pravotvorchestva socialisticheskogo gosudarstva, Moscow, 1977 Problemi soversenstvovanii sovietskogo zakonodatelstva, Moscow, 1977 S. Wróblewski, Zasady tworzenia prawa,Lodz, 1979: D. Teoria i zakonodatelnaja praktika,Moscow, 1974 J. Kovachev, Zakonodatelnii process v evropeiskih socialisticheskih gosudarstvah,Moscow, 1966, p. Huizinga, The Waning of the Middle Ages (1937), Hungarian translation by A. to the law-making activity of the socialist parliaments (Supreme Soviets) and the sources of law produced by them (statutes or acts of parliament) This study will be limited only to this narrower meaning, i.e. This distinction can be found in the languages of most European socialist coun-tries too (pravotvorchestvo-zakonodatelstvo Rechtsetzung-Gesetzgebung jogalkotús-törvényho-zcís, etc.). In some European languages, however, there are two different names denoting, on the one hand, the law-making activity of both parliament and subordinate persons or bodies, and legislation in a narrower sense, limited only to parliamentary law-making, on the other. In modern times, however, the legislative activity of other organs has also been recognized by both constitutional theory and practice, differentiating between superior or supreme and subordinate or delegated legislation: see D. From the time of the bourgeois revolutions, the unlimited competence for this form of law-making used to belong to parliament as the chief representative organ of the state. ![]() Legislation as, on the one hand, the process of deliberate law-making or law-modifying by an expression of the will of a person or body recognized by a particular legal system as having power and authority validly to declare law, and as the product of the legislative process on the other, has long been the primary source of law in civil law countries. Walker, The Oxford Companion to Law, Oxford, 1980, p. Thus a particular precept such as an act of parliament or statute can be called “a law”( lex, loi, Gesetz, legge, ley, etc.) on the other hand “the law” in its much wider sense embraces the law or one of its branches in general (ius, droit, Recht, diritto, derecho, etc.), as well as its institutions and the persons who represent and administer the law. The concept “a law” and its plural, “laws” are used in this study in the sense of one or more particular and concrete instances of legal precepts, while “the law” signifies something more general and abstract. ![]()
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